In his book Word, Water, and Spirit: A Reformed Perspective on Baptism, theologian J.V. Fesko presents a thoughtful and robust argument against paedocommunion—the practice of allowing infants to partake in the Lord's Supper. His reasoning is deeply rooted in the distinct roles of baptism and the Lord's Supper within the covenant community, offering a compelling case for reflection.

The Role of Faith in the Sacraments

Fesko begins by asserting that faith is a prerequisite for the Lord's Supper, setting it apart from baptism. He views baptism as a passive initiation into the covenant, a sign of God’s grace administered to infants, marking their inclusion in the community of faith. In contrast, the Lord's Supper demands active participation—consuming the elements and engaging in the purification of the covenant community. This active role, Fesko argues, requires a level of understanding and spiritual discernment (1 Corinthians 11:28-29) that infants, due to their age and lack of cognitive maturity, cannot exercise. He cites the biblical call for self-examination before partaking, suggesting that infants are incapable of meeting this standard.

Lessons from the Passover Parallel

Drawing a parallel with the Old Testament Passover, Fesko highlights its nature as a family meal that still required active participation by those who could comprehend its significance—eating the lamb with unleavened bread as an act of faith. He extends this to the Lord's Supper, arguing that just as the Passover was not administered to those unable to understand, the Supper should be reserved for those who can profess faith. This distinction underscores his belief that paedocommunion blurs the theological line between passive initiation and active communion.

Covenant Progression and Theological Integrity

Fesko also addresses covenant theology, noting that while infants are part of the covenant through baptism, their participation in the Lord's Supper should await a personal profession of faith. He points to the progression in Scripture, where covenant members move from initiation to active engagement, aligning with the New Testament’s emphasis on understanding the body and blood of Christ. This progression, he contends, protects the integrity of the sacrament and ensures it reflects a mature faith.

Fesko’s argument invites believers to consider the balance between grace extended to infants through baptism and the responsibility of active participation in the Lord's Supper. His case is both biblically grounded and theologically nuanced, encouraging a thoughtful approach to sacramental practice.

Fesko, J.V. Word, Water, and Spirit: A Reformed Perspective on Baptism. Pp. 361-365.