This article contrasts the Catechism of the Catholic Church’s teaching on justification with the Reformation Anglican doctrine confessed in the Thirty-Nine Articles. Whereas the Catechism presents justification as an infused, cooperative process involving grace and merit, the Articles proclaim the biblical gospel of justification by faith only—Christ’s righteousness ...

This article examines the Vatican’s recent doctrinal note Mater Populi Fidēlis (“Mother of the Faithful People of God”) from a Reformation Anglican perspective. While the note rejects the Marian title Co-redemptrīx, it leaves untouched Rome’s official teachings on cooperative grace and Mary’s ongoing intercessory role as Mediātrīx. Drawing on the Catechism of...